AdBlue Market Size, Share, Growth Trends, Industry Analysis, Key Players, Investment Opportunities and Forecast (2025-2032)

AdBlue Market was estimated at USD 31.2 Bn in 2024 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.3% from 2025 to 2032, reaching nearly USD 43.69 Bn by 2032.

Format : PDF | Report ID : SMR_2695

AdBlue Market Overview:

AdBlue is a solution that is used to reduce harmful exhaust emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides generated by modern diesel vehicles.

The AdBlue Market is growing due to diesel cars emit large amounts of nitrogen oxide (NOx) which causes air pollution and various health problems for that reason, the AdBlue solution demand is increases. A 25% increase in AdBlue dispenser installations at fuel stations across Europe between 2020 and 2024. By 2024, over 80% of heavy-duty diesel trucks in Europe and North America use Selective Catalytic Reduction technology.

The system works by injecting AdBlue into the exhaust stream, which reduces the harmful exhaust emissions. Global SCR adoption rate is expected to reach 82% by 2032. These factors are expected to increase demand and market growth during the forecast period from 2025 to 2032.

AdBlue Market snapshot

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AdBlue Market Dynamics

Strict Environmental Regulations to Boost the AdBlue Market growth

The regulations for environmental pollution such as Euro 6 is a set of regulations that aims to minimize nitrogen-oxide emissions. The regulation applies to all Euro 6-compliant diesel vehicles registered after 2015 it is stricter than the previous standards. EPA regulations in North America, and BS-VI norms in India are mandating the adoption of Selective Catalytic Reduction systems in diesel vehicles this regulation directly boosts the demand of AdBlue. AdBlue Market shift towards the electrification of cars but still diesel engines are dominating in commercial vehicles like buses, trucks, etc. which drives the demand of AdBlue. Furthermore, an increase in demand in mining, construction, and agriculture is boosting the demand for AdBlue in off-road applications.

The AdBlue Market to Faces Restraints Related to Price Fluctuation in Urea

The urea is the main contain in the AdBlue solution. contains 32.5% urea in solution. The manufacturers AdBlue face challenges like supply chain disruption, geopolitical tensions, and fertilizer industry mandates the urea price are increases and it impact on the price of the AdBlue. For that reason, the producers search for another source or technological innovations that limit the AdBlue demand. Furthermore, the lack of knowledge in developing countries and the availability of AdBlue is still limited which reduces the market penetration. While the going trend towards the electrification of vehicles is also a restraint factor in the future.

Adoption of SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) Technology presents significant Opportunity for the AdBlue Market growth

Since more countries apply strict emission standards, the owners of old diesel vehicles, especially commercial fleets, are rapidly retrofitting SCR techniques to follow new rules rather than changing vehicles. This change is demanding AdBlue in the aftermarket, making a stable and recurring revenue stream for suppliers. Moreover, the awareness campaigns and government incentives in countries like Eastern Europe, Southeast Asia are increasing the selective catalytic reduction technology this market expansion boost the AdBlue demand making it a strong opportunity to expand the AdBlue market.

AdBlue Market Segment Analysis

Based on Type, the AdBlue market is segmented into bulk storage, dispenser, portable containers. The bulk storage segment dominated the Market in 2024 and is expected to hold the largest Market share over the forecast period (2024-2032). Bulk Storage is the most efficient and cost -effective solution for large-scale users such as logistics companies, public transport operators, agriculture and mining industries. Direct delivery into on-site storage tanks reduces handling time and packaging waste, making it ideal for fleet refueling operations. In developed markets such as Europe and North America, fuel stations and fuel depots are rapidly equipped with AdBlue Dispenser, strengthening wholesale demand. It provides a lower per-litter cost compared to the packed types, making it a preferred option for fuel and fluid cost managing businesses.

Based on Application, the AdBlue market is segmented into commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles, railways, and others. The commercial vehicles segment dominated the Market in 2024 and is expected to hold the largest Market share over the forecast period (2024-2032). The commercial vehicles emit more nitrogen oxide than the passenger vehicles due to they travel longer distance and operate longer hours. for that reason, it required more amount of AdBlue via selective catalytic reduction technology. A single truck required 20-50 liters of AdBlue per 1000 liters of diesel. Governments target commercial transport first on tightening emission norms due to their large environmental footprint. Fuel stations, fleet depots, and service hubs rapidly offer target bulk AdBlue dispensing on commercial vehicles.

AdBlue Market Regional Analysis:

The Europe region dominated the Market in 2024 and is expected to hold the largest Market share over the forecast period (2024-2032)

Europe remains the largest and most mature market for AdBlue, which has been operated for decades of strict environmental regulation and is widely adopted by SCR (selective catalytic deficiency) technology in both passenger and commercial diesel vehicles. The implementation of Euro 4, 5, and the most important Euro 6 standards has made AdBlue use mandatory in almost all new diesel-operated vehicles. With a highly developed distribution network, AdBlue is available at most fuel stations throughout the land, and fleet operators often maintain their own on-site storage and dispensing system.

AdBlue Market Competitive Landscape

The AdBlue market is dominated by a few global key players. These companies have established strong positions through vertical integration, controlling the entire price chain from urea production to AdBlue formulation and distribution. Key market leaders such as Yara International ASA, BASF SE, Shell, and TotalEnergies SE hold significant market shares. For example, Yara is recognized as AdBlue's largest global producer, taking advantage of expertise and innovation decades in urea-based emissions control technologies. These companies have also formed strategic partnership with OEMs and fleet operators to set their foot in the market.

Key Developments in the AdBlue Market

March 26, 2024: BASF launched AdBlue ZeroPCF, the first AdBlue product with a certified carbon footprint of less than 0.05 kg CO? per kilogram. This achievement was made possible through the use of renewable energies and a mass balance approach, certified by TUV Rheinland and REDcert².

In 2024, Bosch introduced a dual-injection SCR system that injects AdBlue both near the engine and further downstream. This approach enhances Nox reduction efficiency, particularly during cold starts and low-load conditions, while reducing overall AdBlue consumption.

Yara International ASA on 15 Mar 2024 announced plans to expand its AdBlue production capacity across Europe, reinforcing its position as the world's largest AdBlue producer with facilities in the Netherlands, France, Italy, and Germany.

11 Jun 2024 OMV Petrom announced a EUR 750 million investment at the Petrobrazi refinery to build a plant for sustainable aviation fuels and renewable diesel (HVO), along with two green hydrogen production facilities. This initiative positions OMV Petrom as the first major producer of sustainable fuels in Southeast Europe.

AdBlue Market Scope
Market Size in 2024	USD 31.2 Bn
Market Size in 2032	USD 43.69 Bn
CAGR (2025-2032)	4.3%
Historic Data	2019-2024
Base Year	2024
Forecast Period	2025-2032
Segments	By Type Bulk Storage Dispenser Portable Container
	By Application Commercial Vehicles Passenger Vehicles Railways Others
	By Usage Method Pre combustion Post-combustion
Regional Scope	North America- United States, Canada, and Mexico Europe – UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Russia, and Rest of Europe Asia Pacific – China, South Korea, Japan, India, Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Rest of APAC Middle East and Africa - South Africa, GCC, Egypt, Nigeria, Rest of the Middle East and Africa South America – Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America

Key Players in the AdBlue Market

North America

CF Industries Holdings, Inc. (USA)
Shell (UK)
AirBlueFluids Inc. (Canada)
Brenntag North America, Inc. (USA)
Sapp Bros., Inc. (USA)
Old World Industries, LLC (USA)

Europe

Yara International ASA (Norway)
BASF SE (Germany)
GreenChem Holding B.V. (Netherlands)
TotalEnergies SE (France)
Azotal S.p.A. (Italy)
Bosch (Germany)

Asia-Pacific

Sinopec Group (China)
SK Eco Prime (South Korea)
Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. (Japan)

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Which region has the largest share in the AdBlue Market?

The Europe region held the highest Market share in the AdBlue Market in 2024.

2. What are the key factors driving the growth of the AdBlue Market?

Strict Environmental Regulations to Boost the AdBlue Market.

3. Who are the key competitors in the AdBlue Market?

Yara International ASA, BASF SE, Shell, and TotalEnergies are the key competitors in the AdBlue market.

4. What are the opportunities for the AdBlue Market?

Adoption of SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) Technology is an Opportunity for the AdBlue Market.

5. Which application segment dominates the AdBlue Market?

The commercial vehicles segment dominated the AdBlue Market.

1.   AdBlue Market Introduction
1.1.   Study Assumption and Market Definition
1.2.   Scope of the Study
1.3.   Executive Summary

2.   Global AdBlue Market: Competitive Landscape
2.1.   SMR Competition Matrix
2.2.   Competitive Landscape
2.3.   Key Players Benchmarking
2.3.1.   Company Name
2.3.2.   Product Segment
2.3.3.   Distribution Channel Segment
2.3.4.   Revenue (2024)
2.4.   Leading AdBlue Market Companies, by Market Capitalization
2.5.   Market Structure
2.5.1.   Market Leaders
2.5.2.   Market Followers
2.5.3.   Emerging Players
2.6.   Mergers and Acquisitions Details

3.   AdBlue Market: Dynamics
3.1.   AdBlue Market Trends by Region
3.1.1.   North America AdBlue Market Trends
3.1.2.   Europe AdBlue Market Trends
3.1.3.   Asia Pacific AdBlue Market Trends
3.1.4.   Middle East & Africa AdBlue Market Trends
3.1.5.   South America AdBlue Market Trends
3.2.   AdBlue Market Dynamics by Global
3.3.   PORTER’s Five Forces Analysis
3.4.   PESTLE Analysis
3.5.   Value Chain Analysis
3.6.   Regulatory Landscape by Region
3.6.1.   North America
3.6.2.   Europe
3.6.3.   Asia Pacific
3.6.4.   Middle East & Africa
3.6.5.   South America

4.   AdBlue Market: Global Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value USD Bn) (2024-2032)
4.1.   AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
4.1.1.   Bulk Storage
4.1.2.   Dispenser
4.1.3.   Portable Container
4.2.   AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
4.2.1.   Commercial Vehicles
4.2.2.   Passenger Vehicles
4.2.3.   Railways
4.2.4.   Others
4.3.   AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
4.3.1.   Pre Combustion
4.3.2.   Post Combustion
4.4.   AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Region (2024-2032)
4.4.1.   North America
4.4.2.   Europe
4.4.3.   Asia Pacific
4.4.4.   Middle East & Africa
4.4.5.   South America

5.   North America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value USD Bn) (2024-2032)
5.1.   North America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
5.1.1.   Bulk Storage
5.1.2.   Dispenser
5.1.3.   Portable Container
5.2.   North America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
5.2.1.   Commercial Vehicles
5.2.2.   Passenger Vehicles
5.2.3.   Railways
5.2.4.   Others
5.3.   North America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
5.3.1.   Pre Combustion
5.3.2.   Post Combustion
5.4.   North America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2024-2032)
5.4.1.   United States
5.4.1.1.   United States AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
5.4.1.1.1.   Bulk Storage
5.4.1.1.2.   Dispenser
5.4.1.1.3.   Portable Container
5.4.1.2.   United States AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
5.4.1.2.1.   Commercial Vehicles
5.4.1.2.2.   Passenger Vehicles
5.4.1.2.3.   Railways
5.4.1.2.4.   Others
5.4.1.3.   United States AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
5.4.1.3.1.   Pre Combustion
5.4.1.3.2.   Post Combustion
5.4.2.   Canada
5.4.2.1.   Canada AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
5.4.2.1.1.   Bulk Storage
5.4.2.1.2.   Dispenser
5.4.2.1.3.   Portable Container
5.4.2.2.   Canada AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
5.4.2.2.1.   Commercial Vehicles
5.4.2.2.2.   Passenger Vehicles
5.4.2.2.3.   Railways
5.4.2.2.4.   Others
5.4.2.3.   Canada AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
5.4.2.3.1.   Pre Combustion
5.4.2.3.2.   Post Combustion
5.4.3.   Mexico
5.4.3.1.   Mexico AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
5.4.3.1.1.   Bulk Storage
5.4.3.1.2.   Dispenser
5.4.3.1.3.   Portable Container
5.4.3.2.   Mexico AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
5.4.3.2.1.   Commercial Vehicles
5.4.3.2.2.   Passenger Vehicles
5.4.3.2.3.   Railways
5.4.3.2.4.   Others
5.4.3.3.   Mexico AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
5.4.3.3.1.   Pre Combustion
5.4.3.3.2.   Post Combustion

6.   Europe AdBlue Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value USD Bn) (2024-2032)
6.1.   Europe AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
6.2.   Europe AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
6.3.   Europe AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
6.4.   Europe AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2024-2032)
6.4.1.   United Kingdom
6.4.1.1.   United Kingdom AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
6.4.1.2.   United Kingdom AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
6.4.1.3.   United Kingdom AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
6.4.2.   France
6.4.2.1.   France AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
6.4.2.2.   France AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
6.4.2.3.   France AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
6.4.3.   Germany
6.4.3.1.   Germany AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
6.4.3.2.   Germany AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
6.4.3.3.   Germany AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
6.4.4.   Italy
6.4.4.1.   Italy AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
6.4.4.2.   Italy AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
6.4.4.3.   Italy AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
6.4.5.   Spain
6.4.5.1.   Spain AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
6.4.5.2.   Spain AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
6.4.5.3.   Spain AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
6.4.6.   Sweden
6.4.6.1.   Sweden AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
6.4.6.2.   Sweden AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
6.4.6.3.   Sweden AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
6.4.7.   Austria
6.4.7.1.   Austria AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
6.4.7.2.   Austria AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
6.4.7.3.   Austria AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
6.4.8.   Rest of Europe
6.4.8.1.   Rest of Europe AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
6.4.8.2.   Rest of Europe AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
6.4.8.3.   Rest of Europe AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)

7.   Asia Pacific AdBlue Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value USD Bn) (2024-2032)
7.1.   Asia Pacific AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.2.   Asia Pacific AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.3.   Asia Pacific AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.   Asia Pacific AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2024-2032)
7.4.1.   China
7.4.1.1.   China AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.1.2.   China AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.1.3.   China AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.2.   S Korea
7.4.2.1.   S Korea AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.2.2.   S Korea AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.2.3.   S Korea AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.3.   Japan
7.4.3.1.   Japan AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.3.2.   Japan AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.3.3.   Japan AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.4.   India
7.4.4.1.   India AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.4.2.   India AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.4.3.   India AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.5.   Australia
7.4.5.1.   Australia AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.5.2.   Australia AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.5.3.   Australia AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.6.   Indonesia
7.4.6.1.   Indonesia AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.6.2.   Indonesia AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.6.3.   Indonesia AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.7.   Philippines
7.4.7.1.   Philippines AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.7.2.   Philippines AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.7.3.   Philippines AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.8.   Malaysia
7.4.8.1.   Malaysia AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.8.2.   Malaysia AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.8.3.   Malaysia AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.9.   Vietnam
7.4.9.1.   Vietnam AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.9.2.   Vietnam AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.9.3.   Vietnam AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.10.   Thailand
7.4.10.1.   Thailand AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.10.2.   Thailand AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.10.3.   Thailand AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.11.   ASEAN
7.4.11.1.   ASEAN AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.11.2.   ASEAN AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.11.3.   ASEAN AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
7.4.12.   Rest of Asia Pacific
7.4.12.1.   Rest of Asia Pacific AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
7.4.12.2.   Rest of Asia Pacific AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
7.4.12.3.   Rest of Asia Pacific AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)

8.   Middle East and Africa AdBlue Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value USD Bn) (2024-2032)
8.1.   Middle East and Africa AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
8.2.   Middle East and Africa AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application Model (2024-2032)
8.3.   Middle East and Africa AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
8.4.   Middle East and Africa AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2024-2032)
8.4.1.   South Africa
8.4.1.1.   South Africa AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
8.4.1.2.   South Africa AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application Model (2024-2032)
8.4.1.3.   South Africa AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
8.4.2.   GCC
8.4.2.1.   GCC AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
8.4.2.2.   GCC AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application Model (2024-2032)
8.4.2.3.   GCC AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
8.4.3.   Nigeria
8.4.3.1.   Nigeria AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
8.4.3.2.   Nigeria AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application Model (2024-2032)
8.4.3.3.   Nigeria AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
8.4.4.   Rest of ME&A
8.4.4.1.   Rest of ME&A AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
8.4.4.2.   Rest of ME&A AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application Model (2024-2032)
8.4.4.3.   Rest of ME&A AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)

9.   South America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast by Segmentation (by Value USD Bn) (2024-2032)
9.1.   South America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
9.2.   South America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
9.3.   South America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
9.4.   South America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, by Country (2024-2032)
9.4.1.   Brazil
9.4.1.1.   Brazil AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
9.4.1.2.   Brazil AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
9.4.1.3.   Brazil AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
9.4.2.   Argentina
9.4.2.1.   Argentina AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
9.4.2.2.   Argentina AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
9.4.2.3.   Argentina AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)
9.4.3.   Rest Of South America
9.4.3.1.   Rest Of South America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2024-2032)
9.4.3.2.   Rest Of South America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Application (2024-2032)
9.4.3.3.   Rest Of South America AdBlue Market Size and Forecast, By Usage Method (2024-2032)

10.   Company Profile: Key Players
10.1 CF Industries Holdings, Inc. (USA)
1.1.1.   Company Overview
1.1.2.   Business Portfolio
1.1.3.   Financial Overview
1.1.4.   SWOT Analysis
1.1.5.   Strategic Analysis
1.1.6.   Recent Development
10.2   Shell (UK)
10.3   AirBlueFluids Inc. (Canada)
10.4   Brenntag North America, Inc. (USA)
10.5   Sapp Bros., Inc. (USA)
10.6   Old World Industries, LLC (USA)
10.7   Yara International ASA (Norway)
10.8   BASF SE (Germany)
10.9   GreenChem Holding B.V. (Netherlands)
10.10   TotalEnergies SE (France)
10.11   Azotal S.p.A. (Italy)
10.12   Bosch (Germany)
10.13   Sinopec Group (China)
10.14   SK Eco Prime (South Korea)
10.15   Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. (Japan)